Acute effect of HAL (limb type)-assisted cybernic voluntary control squat exercise on tennis serve speed
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52383/itfcoaching.v32i91.392Keywords:
motor learning, rehabilitation, interactive bio-feedbackAbstract
The fastest serve at the 2022 US Open Tennis was 141 mph (226.9 km/h, Alexander Bublik, KAZ) and 128 mph (205.9 km/h, Coco Gauff, USA) for men and women, respectively. This speed is expected to increase in the future. Most studies focused on improving serve performance have been conducted in the fields of sports biomechanics and exercise physiology. There are no studies focusing on the voluntary control of the brain, spinal cord, motor nerves, musculoskeletal system, and service performance. Recently, a wearable cyborg, Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL), has been utilized as a rehabilitation device in patients with stroke, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. We aimed to determine the acute effect of Cybernic Voluntary Control squat exercises using HAL on the serve speed. Four male tennis coaches with extensive teaching experience (mean age: 32.5 ± 0.6 years, teaching experience: 10.5 ± 0.6 years) were included in the study. The results showed an increase of approximately 7% in the in serve speed after HAL-assisted squatting. This was attributed to the interactive biofeedback between HAL and the participants, which may have produced the immediate effect. HAL use could maximize the physical functions of tennis players and guide post-injury rehabilitation exercises.
Downloads
References
Bahamonde, R.E. (1997) Joint power production during flat and slice tennis serves ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive
Bahamonde, R.E. & Knudson, D. (2001) Ground reaction forces of two types of stances and tennis serves. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(5), S102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-00575
Elliott, B.C. & Wood, G.A. (1983) The biomechanics of the foot-up and foot-back tennis service techniques. Aust J Sports Sci, 3(2), 3-6
Girard, O., Micallef, J.P., & Millet, G.P. (2005) Lower-limb activity during the power serve in tennis: effects of performance level. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(6), 1021-1029
Grüneberg, P., Kadone, H., Kuramoto, N., Ueno, T., Hada, Y., Yamazaki, M., Sankai, Y., & Suzuki, K. (2018) Robot-assisted voluntary initiation reduces control-related difficulties of initiating joint movement: A phenomenal questionnaire study on shaping and compensation of forward gait. PloS one, 13(3), e0194214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194214
Kawamoto, H., Taal, S., Niniss, H., Hayashi, T., Kamibayashi, K., Eguchi, K., & Sankai, Y. (2010) Voluntary motion support control of Robot Suit HAL triggered by bioelectrical signal for hemiplegia 2010 Annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology; IEEE, pp. 462-466 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5626191
Kovacs, M.S. & Ellenbecker, T.S. (2011a) An 8-stage model for evaluating the tennis serve: implications for performance enhancement and injury prevention. Sports Health, 3(6), 504-513. https://doi.org10.1177/1941738111414175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738111414175
Kovacs, M.S. & Ellenbecker, T.S. (2011b) A performance evaluation of the tennis serve: implications for strength, speed, power, and flexibility training. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 33(4), 22-30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e318225d59a
Martin, C., Bideau, B., Nicolas, G., Delamarche, P., & Kulpa, R. (2012) How does the tennis serve technique influence the serve-and-volley? Journal of sports sciences, 30(11), 1149-1156 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.695079
Nakajima, T., Sankai, Y., Takata, S., Kobayashi, Y., Ando, Y., Nakagawa, M., Saito, T., Saito, K., Ishida, C., & Tamaoka, A. (2021) Cybernic treatment with wearable cyborg Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) improves ambulatory function in patients with slowly progressive rare neuromuscular diseases: a multicentre, randomised, controlled crossover trial for efficacy and safety (NCY-3001). Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 16(1), 1-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-021-01928-9
Sankai, Y. (2014) Cybernics: fusion of human, machine and information systems; Springer DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54159-2
Sankai, Y. & Sakurai, T. (2018) Exoskeletal cyborg-type robot. Science Robotics, 3(17), eaat3912 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aat3912
USTA (2022) Event Statistics Fastest Serve Speed. https://www.usopen.org/en_US/scores/extrastats/index.html?promo=subnav (Accessed 0101, 2023)
Yasunaga, Y., Koizumi, R., Toyoda, T., Koda, M., Mamizuka, N., Sankai, Y., Yamazaki, M., & Miura, K. (2022) Biofeedback Physical Therapy With the Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) Lumbar Type for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study. Cureus, 14(3) DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.23475
Abe, T., Miura, K., Kadone, H. (2018) Effect of lumbar load reduction using the lumbar-type Hyblid Assistive Limb ® (HAL ®). JOURNAL OF JOINT SURGERY, 37(5), 537-545 https://doi.org/10.18885/J00282.2018235811
Nakajima, T. (2011) Clinical trial of robot suit HAL technology for neuromuscular intractable rare diseases. Journal of the National Institute of Public Health, 60, 130-137
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Bumpei Sato, Shuhei Sato, Hiroki Yamaguchi, Yoshihiro Yasunaga, Masayuki Sato
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
